Distribution transformer, referred to as "distribution transformer", refers to a static electrical appliance that transforms AC voltage and current according to the law of electromagnetic induction in the power distribution system to transmit AC power.

1.2 structure

According to its structure, oil-immersed distribution transformers can be divided into main body, oil conservator, insulating sleeve, tap switch, protection device, etc.

1.2.1 Ontology

The body contains three parts: iron core, winding and insulating oil. The winding is the circuit of the transformer, and the iron core is the magnetic circuit of the transformer. The two constitute the core of the transformer, that is, the electromagnetic part.

1.2.1.1 Core

The iron core is the main magnetic circuit part of the transformer. It is usually made of hot-rolled or cold-rolled silicon steel sheets with high silicon content, thickness of 0.35 or 0.5mm, and insulating paint coated on the surface. The iron core is divided into two parts: an iron core column and an iron yoke. The iron core column is covered with windings. The iron yoke is used to close the magnetic circuit. There are two basic forms of core structure: core type and shell type.

1.2.1.2 Winding

The winding is the circuit part of the transformer, and is generally made of insulated flat copper wire or round copper wire on the winding die. The winding is sleeved on the iron core column of the transformer, the low-voltage winding is in the inner layer, and the high-voltage winding is sleeved in the outer layer of the low-voltage winding. To facilitate insulation.

1.2.1.3 Insulating oil

The composition of transformer oil is very complex, mainly composed of naphthenic hydrocarbons, alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Transformer oil plays two roles in distribution transformers: one is to insulate transformer windings and windings, windings and cores and tanks. effect. The second is that the transformer oil generates convection after being heated to dissipate heat to the transformer core and windings. Commonly used transformer oil has three specifications of No. 10, No. 25 and No. 45. The label indicates the temperature when the oil starts to solidify below zero. For example, "No. 25" oil means that this oil starts to solidify at minus 25°C. The oil specification should be selected according to the local climatic conditions.

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